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热解 3

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APP 1

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三流体喷嘴喷雾干燥技术 1

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内燃机，燃料喷雾，喷雾控制，喷雾形态，喷油器 1

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Particle formation of hydroxyapatite precursor containing two components in a spray pyrolysis process

W. Widiyastuti, Adhi Setiawan, Sugeng Winardi, Tantular Nurtono, Heru Setyawan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 104-113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1406-1

摘要： The particle formation mechanism of hydroxyapatite precursor containing two components, Ca(OOCCH ) and (NH ) HPO with a ratio of Ca/P= 1.67, in a spray pyrolysis process has been studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the transfer of heat and mass from droplets to the surrounding media. The focus included the evaporation of the solvent in the droplets, a second evaporation due to crust formation, the decomposition reaction of each component of the precursor, and a solid-state reaction that included the kinetic parameters of the precursor regarding its two components that formed the hydroxyapatite product. The rate of evaporation and the reacted fraction of the precursor both increased with temperature. The predicted average size of the hydroxyapatite particles agreed well with the experimental results. Therefore, the selected models were also suitable for predicting the average size of particles that contain two components in the precursor solution.

关键词： droplet     hydroxyapatite particle     CFD     tubular furnace     spray pyrolysis    

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燃油喷雾形态主动控制的可能性 Review

Masataka Arai

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 519-534 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.04.010

摘要：

内燃机（ICE）对于汽车是有吸引力的动力源，具有良好的可储存性、可运输性，同时需要供应高能量密度的液体燃料。具有高性能和低环境危害的紧凑型内燃机是内燃机发展趋势。未来必须把燃油喷雾智能主动控制的燃烧作为解决传统内燃机相关重大问题（如排放）的突破性技术。已发展出在喷雾期间形成预期的燃料喷射速率和喷射模式的技术，并且传统内燃机可以在一定程度上控制燃烧。但是在燃烧范围内，燃料在空间上的扩散并未取得预期进展。因此，对于燃烧的智能控制，新且有效的燃油喷雾主动控制技术是非常必要的。空化、闪蒸、喷雾- 喷雾相互作用、喷雾-壁面相互作用和空气流动是有可能实现燃油喷雾形态主动控制的基础。本文使用文献中的论据来讨论未来喷雾燃烧的智能紧凑内燃机中喷雾形态主动控制技术的可能性。

关键词： 内燃机，燃料喷雾，喷雾控制，喷雾形态，喷油器    

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Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0022-5

摘要： The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.

关键词： improved version     impingement     atomization     hollow     radius    

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Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1700-1712 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2207-6

摘要： The chain length and hydrocarbon type significantly affect the production of light olefins during the catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha. Herein, for a better catalyst design and operation parameters optimization, the reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins were analyzed thermodynamically. The results revealed that the thermodynamically favorable reaction pathways for n/iso-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins were the protolytic and hydrogen transfer cracking pathways, respectively. However, the formation of light paraffin severely limits the maximum selectivity toward light olefins. The dehydrogenation cracking pathway of n/iso-paraffins and the protolytic cracking pathway of cyclo-paraffins demonstrated significantly improved selectivity for light olefins. The results are thus useful as a direction for future catalyst improvements, facilitating superior reaction pathways to enhance light olefins. In addition, the equilibrium yield of light olefins increased with increasing the chain length, and the introduction of cyclo-paraffin inhibits the formation of light olefins. High temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of ethylene, and moderate temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of propylene. n-Hexane and cyclohexane mixtures gave maximum ethylene and propylene yield of approximately 49.90% and 55.77%, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of superior catalysts and the selection of proper operation parameters for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins from a thermodynamic point of view.

关键词： naphtha     catalytic pyrolysis     reaction pathway     equilibrium yield    

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Plasma spray coating on interconnector toward promoted solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0901-9

摘要： Interconnector is a critical component to construct solid oxide cells (SOCs) stack. Oxidation of metallic interconnectors and Cr poisoning caused by oxidation are important factors that lead to long-term performance degradation of SOCs. Coating on the interconnector surface is an important approach to inhibit the oxidation and Cr migration of the interconnector. Herein, (La0.75Sr0.25)0.95MnO3–δ (LSM) and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 (MCO) are used to fabricate the coatings of interconnector. Two advanced thermal spray technology, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS), are adopted for the coating preparation. The electrochemical performance, rising and cooling cycle stability, and Cr diffusion inhibition performance of the coatings are tested and evaluated. The result indicates that MCO can generate more uniform and denser coatings than LSM. In addition, MCO coatings prepared by LPPS shows the best electrochemical performance, rising and cooling cycle stability, and Cr diffusion inhibition. The initial area specific resistance (ASR) is 0.0027 Ω·cm2 at 800 °C. After 4 cooling cycle tests, the ASR increases to 0.0032 Ω·cm2 but lower than other samples. Meanwhile, the relative intense of Cr at the interface of SUS430 with MCO coatings fabricated by LPPS is lower than that of MCO fabricated by APS after 4 rising and cooling cycle operations, showing more favorable Cr diffusion inhibition performance.

关键词： interconnector coating     plasma spray     electrochemical performance     Cr diffusion inhibition     solid oxide cells (SOCs)    

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Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1581-0

摘要：

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis.

关键词： Waste printed circuit board     Catalyst     Pyrolysis     Kinetics    

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Experimental study of the effects of structured surface geometry on water spray cooling performance in

Minghou LIU, Yaqing WANG, Dong LIU, Kan XU, Yiliang CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 75-82 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0014-0

摘要： Experiments were conducted to study the effects of enhanced surfaces on heat transfer performance during water spray cooling in non-boiling regime. The surface enhancement is straight fin. The structures were machined on the top surface of heated copper blocks with a cross-sectional area of 10 mm×10 mm. The spray was performed using Unijet full cone nozzles with a volumetric flux of 0.044–0.053 m /(m ·s) and a nozzle height of 17 mm. It is found that the heat transfer is obviously enhanced for straight fin surfaces relative to the flat surface. However, the increment decreases as the fin height increases. For flat surface and enhanced surfaces with a fin height of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, as the coolant flux increases, the heat flux increases as well. However, for finned surface with a height of 0.4 mm, the heat flux is not sensitive to the coolant volumetric flux. Changed film thickness and the form of water/surface interaction due to an enhanced surface structure (different fin height) are the main reasons for changing of the local heat transfer coefficient.

关键词： spray cooling     finned surface     heat transfer    

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Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2209-4

摘要： The release and control of sulfur species in the pyrolysis of fossil fuels and solid wastes have attracted attention worldwide. Particularly, thiophene derivatives are important intermediates for the sulfur gas release from organic sulfur, but the underlying migration mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, the mechanism of sulfur migration during the release of sulfur-containing radicals in benzothiophene pyrolysis was explored through quantum chemistry modeling. The C1-to-C2 H-transfer has the lowest energy barrier of 269.9 kJ·mol–1 and the highest rate constant at low temperatures, while the elevated temperature is beneficial for C−S bond homolysis. 2-Ethynylbenzenethiol is the key intermediate for the formation of S and SH radicals with the overall energy barriers of 408.0 and 498.7 kJ·mol–1 in favorable pathways. The generation of CS radicals is relatively difficult because of the high energy barrier (551.8 kJ·mol–1). However, it can be significantly promoted by high temperatures, where the rate constant exceeds that for S radical generation above 930 °C. Consequently, the strong competitiveness of S and SH radicals results in abundant H2S during benzothiophene pyrolysis, and the high temperature is more beneficial for CS2 generation from CS radicals. This study lays a foundation for elucidating sulfur migration mechanisms and furthering the development of pyrolysis techniques.

关键词： benzothiophene     sulfur migration     pyrolysis     density functional theory    

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Removing ammonia from air with a constant pH, slightly acidic water　spray wet scrubber using recycled

Ahmad Kalbasi Ashtari, Amir M. Samani Majd, Gerald L. Riskowski, Saqib Mukhtar, Lingying Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0869-3

摘要： Slightly acidic solutions are a practical means of removing ammonia from air Scrubbed NH accumulates in solution as NH and should be an excellent fertilizer Increased air velocity decreased NH removal and increased NH collection Previous research on wet scrubbers has only studied highly acidic scrubbing solutions because of their high ammonia capture efficiencies; however, the high acidity created practical problems. Lower acidity solutions would reduce corrosion, maintenance, and cost; however, designers may need to use strategies for increasing scrubber effectiveness, such as using lower air velocities. The objective of this study was to determine if a spray scrubber with slightly acidic and higher pH scrubbing solution (pH from 2 to 8) could effectively remove NH from NH laden air (such as animal building exhaust air), and also collect this valuable resource for later use as a fertilizer. A bench-scale spray wet scrubber treated 20 ppmv NH /air mixture in a countercurrent contact chamber. First, the solution pH was varied from 2 to 8 while maintaining constant air velocity at 1.3 m·s . Next, air velocity was increased (2 and 3 m·s ) while solution pH remained constant at pH6. At 1.3 m·s , NH removal efficiencies ranged between 49.0% (pH8) and 84.3% (pH2). This study has shown that slightly acidic scrubbing solutions are a practical means of removing ammonia from air especially if the scrubber is designed to increase collisions between solution droplets and NH molecules. The NH removed from the air was held in solution as NH and accumulates over time so the solution should be an excellent fertilizer.

关键词： Ammonia     Spray wet scrubber     Slightly acidic scrubbing solution     Controlled pH     Removal efficiency    

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Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2375-z

摘要： Decalin is considered as an important compound of high-energy-density endothermic fuel, which is an ideal on-board coolant for thermal management of advanced aircraft. However, decalin contains two isomers with a tunable composition, and their effects on the pyrolysis performance, such as the heat sink and coking tendency have not been demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the pyrolysis of decalin isomers, i.e., cis-decalin, trans-decalin and their mixtures (denoted as mix-decalin), in order to clarify the effects of the cis-/trans-structures on the pyrolysis performance of decalin fuels. The pyrolysis results confirmed that conversion of the tested fuels (600–725 °C, 4 MPa) decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. Detailed analyses of the pyrolysis products were used to compare the product distributions from cis-decalin, mix-decalin and trans-decalin, and the yields of some typical components (such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, benzene and toluene) showed significant differences, which could be ascribed to deeper cracking of cis-decalin. Additionally, the heat sinks and coking tendencies of the decalins decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. This work demonstrates the relationship between the cis/trans structures and the pyrolysis performance of decalin, which provides a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.

关键词： endothermic fuel     decalin     pyrolysis     heat sink     molecular structure    

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Impingement of hollow cone spray on hot porous medium

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 273-278 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0048-8

摘要： To have a good understanding of the formation of homogenous mixture in a porous medium engine, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, heat transfer model and linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to simulate the hollow cone spray. The reasonability of the impingement model and heat transfer model was validated. With a simple model to describe the structure of the porous medium, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was simulated under different ambient pressures and spray cone angles. Computational results show that the fuel spray could be divided into smaller ones, which provides conditions for the quick evaporation of fuel droplets and the mixing of fuel vapor with air. Differences in ambient pressure and spray cone angle affect the distribution of droplets in the porous medium.

关键词： improved version     simple     impingement     atomization     hollow    

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A study of spray granulation in vibrated fluidized bed with internal heating tubes

Xiaoheng PAN, Shichao YE, Zeguang ZHANG, Li ZHANG, Xuejun ZHU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 78-82 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0084-x

摘要： The granulation process in a vibrated fluidized bed with immersed horizontal heating tubes was studied in this paper, with small monoammonium phosphate particles as the initial particles and monoammonium phosphate solution sprayed on them. The concrete influences on the granulating performance of the immersed horizontal heating power, fluidizing gas velocity, vibration frequency and amplitude had been analyzed theoretically. The results show that appropriate vibration intensity is a preferred condition for the growth of partials, but the fine dust will become much more along with prolonged vibration. Increasing the heating power is beneficial to raise the growth rate. Particles will grow faster if the fluidizing gas velocity is higher, but this will cause more fine dust. The optimized condition of =0.002 m, =6.67 Hz, =1.4 m/s was given after the analysis of the experimental results. In the end, a semiempirical formula was derived from the experiment data, and the calculation results show good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： vibrated fluidized bed     immersed horizontal     horizontal heating tubes     spray granulation     particle growth model    

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Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 424-429 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0015-z

摘要： Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to achieve fast pyrolysis of xylan and on-line analysis of pyrolysis vapors. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on pyrolytic products, and to reveal the effect of HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) zeolites on pyrolysis vapors. The results showed that the total yield of pyrolytic products first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature from 350°C to 900°C. The pyrolytic products were complex, and the most abundant products included hydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and furfural. Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis vapors with HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts significantly altered the product distribution. Oxygen-containing compounds were reduced considerably, and meanwhile, a lot of hydrocarbons, mainly toluene and xylenes, were formed. M/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective than HZSM-5 in reducing the oxygen-containing compounds, and therefore, they helped to produce higher contents of hydrocarbons than HZSM-5.

关键词： xylan     fast pyrolysis     catalytic pyrolysis     Py-GC/MS     HZSM-5    

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Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1404-8

摘要：

• Possible formation pathways of H2S were revealed in thiophene pyrolysis.

关键词： Density functional theory     Waste rubber     Thiophene     H2S     Pyrolysis    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Particle formation of hydroxyapatite precursor containing two components in a spray pyrolysis process

W. Widiyastuti, Adhi Setiawan, Sugeng Winardi, Tantular Nurtono, Heru Setyawan

期刊论文

燃油喷雾形态主动控制的可能性

Masataka Arai

期刊论文

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

期刊论文

Plasma spray coating on interconnector toward promoted solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis

期刊论文

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Experimental study of the effects of structured surface geometry on water spray cooling performance in

Minghou LIU, Yaqing WANG, Dong LIU, Kan XU, Yiliang CHEN

期刊论文

Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

期刊论文

Removing ammonia from air with a constant pH, slightly acidic water　spray wet scrubber using recycled

Ahmad Kalbasi Ashtari, Amir M. Samani Majd, Gerald L. Riskowski, Saqib Mukhtar, Lingying Zhao

期刊论文

Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

期刊论文

Impingement of hollow cone spray on hot porous medium

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

期刊论文

A study of spray granulation in vibrated fluidized bed with internal heating tubes

Xiaoheng PAN, Shichao YE, Zeguang ZHANG, Li ZHANG, Xuejun ZHU

期刊论文

Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

期刊论文

Mechanism insight into the formation of HS from thiophene pyrolysis: A theoretical study

期刊论文